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How Coilovers Work 101

Discussion in 'Suspension' started by T-Rex266, Aug 1, 2018.

  1. Aug 1, 2018 at 3:43 PM
    #1
    T-Rex266

    T-Rex266 [OP] Elon approved Staff Member

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    From your suspension whore, @jberry813

    How Coilovers Work 101


    A coilover assembly has two major components, the damper itself (shock) and the spring surrounding said damper. As an assembled unit, a coilover will not change over all length at full extension. The upper and lower mounts of the assembly are a fixed extended distance (it can't get any longer regardless of preload).

    There are several ways to add ride height to your vehicle with preload depending on what kind of coilover you have. With a stock coilover, you can add a preload spacer. With aftermarket like Bilsteins you can set the lower spring perch mount higher. With tunable and rebuildable coilovers (such as King, Fox, Icon, etc.) you can add preload by adjusting the preload collar. With any of these methods, the overall mount point length of the assembly DOES NOT CHANGE. The truck will sit higher because you've preloaded the coil assembly. Spring rate with stock and aftermarket coils are a constant. Meaning if you had a 600 lb/sq in coil spring rate, and you added 1" of preload, it would take 1200 pounds (left and right coilover) of additional force over the springs to bring the truck back down to stock ride height. "Smoother ride" is completely subjective as it depends on terrain, driver preference, valving, unsprung weight, sprung weight, etc. etc. etc. But when you preload a spring, the spring will always have some stored energy. The amount of stored energy is directly proportional to how much is preloaded (Hooke's Law). That additional stored energy in a preloaded assembly is what subjectively changes the perceived ride quality. I personally think the stock springs are too soft for anything other than street use.

    Coachbuilder "shims" are commonly referred to as top-plate spacers everywhere else in the word. A top place spacer is added on top of a coilover assembly. Meaning you will physically be increasing the overall length of the assembly. This is the key difference. A top plate spacer in essence makes the coilover longer. Meaning if everything else stays the same, you will push the LCA lower with a top plate spacer giving the vehicle a higher ride height. A single CB shim is a 1/4" top plate spacer, and with the coilover working angle on tundras, would equate to just shy of 1/2" of lift. Two shims = 1/2" of spacers with about 1" of lift. Nothing changes with the spring rate or ride characteristics with a top plate spacer (except with factory upper and lower control arms which use loaded (tension) rubber bushings). The tension in the bushings would be increased. Most people's butt-to-shock meter won't be able to feel the difference but those that spend a lot of time tuning can definitely feel the additional tension. Seems like a no brainer right? Add a top plate spacer and you keep a stock ride and get a little lift? Well it's not that simple. By increasing the over all length of the coilover, you are also increasing the length of the coilover when completely compressed. Meaning if you actually get your truck dirty, and get into a full bump situation, your coilover will bottom out before your factory bump stops. Meaning the shock itself becomes the new bump stop. Here are some of my favorite examples of what happens when the shock is the new bump stop:

    [​IMG]
    [​IMG]
    [​IMG]
    [​IMG]



    Now if you're strickly a mall crawler, maybe you never run into the situation. An easy band aid is to add bump stop extensions to your stop bumps. But then you are bumping earlier than with stock geometry and yadda yadda yadda.

    So...it's up to you what sacrifices you want to make now that your informed. Up to the owner to figure out what's going to work for you, your rig, and your driving style and terrain.
     
  2. Aug 1, 2018 at 3:53 PM
    #2
    jberry813

    jberry813 The Mad Scientist Staff Member

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    You rang, Satan?
     
  3. Aug 1, 2018 at 3:55 PM
    #3
    T-Rex266

    T-Rex266 [OP] Elon approved Staff Member

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  4. Aug 1, 2018 at 4:18 PM
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    Grumpy Uncle

    Grumpy Uncle Pushing string down the hall SSEM #10

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    So someone tried to jump speed bumps with a 3" spacer lift?
     
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  5. Aug 1, 2018 at 6:03 PM
    #5
    Ace402

    Ace402 New Member

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    Your explanation of the Bilstein makes sense to me. However, why do many people say you need to run bump stop extensions with them?
     
  6. Aug 1, 2018 at 7:40 PM
    #6
    Help

    Help New Member

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    Bump stop extensions make it so you dont be come one of the people in the picture's @T-Rex266 posted. You want to contact the bump stop before the shock bottoms out to prevent damage to the shock (hint: your shock shaft should not be an L shape) :rofl:
     
  7. Aug 1, 2018 at 9:13 PM
    #7
    Silv333

    Silv333 Patriot

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    Great post, but for the rookie like myself it means jack shit. Are you telling me if I want to level my truck just get the Bilstein 6112's at 1.9" and be done or what? :frusty:
     
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  8. Aug 1, 2018 at 9:30 PM
    #8
    Ace402

    Ace402 New Member

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    He said you don't need them with Bilstein's. Only with shims/spacers
     
  9. Aug 1, 2018 at 9:33 PM
    #9
    JoshuaA

    JoshuaA Canuck Member

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    Basically if you want to use CB shims, get bumpstop extensions which CB sells too or buy SuperBumps, both increase where the height of the stock bumpstop would be, and keep it on the street.
     
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  10. Aug 1, 2018 at 9:58 PM
    #10
    Rica25

    Rica25 Got Bam? IG ......@TNDRA08

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    So I have installed the 5100s with 1/2 shim on top and 5100s on rear also with 1 inch lift so should i replace the front bump stops
     
  11. Aug 1, 2018 at 10:15 PM
    #11
    tinman10101

    tinman10101 Ah cha cha cha

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    Good stuff man ... Do you do online courses? lol .I love learning this stuff! Thanks for sharing.
     
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  12. Aug 1, 2018 at 10:16 PM
    #12
    anthonygan

    anthonygan New Member

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    I know first hand..... on a 7in bds lift New Kings are on their way!CC1621BB-EDE3-4F6A-91B1-8CA1BD54A1BB.jpg
     
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  13. Aug 1, 2018 at 10:22 PM
    #13
    JoshuaA

    JoshuaA Canuck Member

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    On the front, there are 4 rock hard stock bumpstops, I replaced the ones behind the axle with SuperBumps and when I smack them, it's a whole lot less jolting. I imagine if you didn't add extensions, there's more space before you hit them and probably not good for the shock if you fly into an unexpected deep pothole.

    In action on a Taco:

     
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  14. Aug 1, 2018 at 10:37 PM
    #14
    Silv333

    Silv333 Patriot

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    Thanks. My plan was to use 6112's on the front and go on with life. I'm 99% street driving anyway.
     
  15. Aug 2, 2018 at 9:20 AM
    #15
    jberry813

    jberry813 The Mad Scientist Staff Member

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    @T-Rex266, you done fucked up by making my post your own thread :rofl::rofl::rofl::rofl:
     
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  16. Aug 2, 2018 at 9:23 AM
    #16
    Bailey

    Bailey Enjoy Every Sandwich

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    I can't wait to get rid of my stupid spacer lift! Elka needs to speed it up with their Tundra stuff :spending:
     
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  17. Aug 2, 2018 at 9:24 AM
    #17
    T-Rex266

    T-Rex266 [OP] Elon approved Staff Member

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    People need to read; maybe slower.
     
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  18. Aug 2, 2018 at 9:27 AM
    #18
    jberry813

    jberry813 The Mad Scientist Staff Member

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    Holy shit! You're the first person I've ever heard of that knew about Elka pushing into the Toyota market. How did you hear?
     
  19. Aug 2, 2018 at 9:28 AM
    #19
    Bailey

    Bailey Enjoy Every Sandwich

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    It could be Bold, Underlined, and in Italics and people would still miss it. At least that's the way it seems :D
     
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  20. Aug 2, 2018 at 9:31 AM
    #20
    Bailey

    Bailey Enjoy Every Sandwich

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    I've heard about them for a while. I looked under a few of @TOTAL CHAOS rides and started asking a million questions. They are currently testing on a Tundra and GX470.

    Elka is going to give King and Fox a run for their money... especially in cold weather climates :)
     
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  21. Aug 2, 2018 at 9:57 AM
    #21
    mart1nezdaniel

    mart1nezdaniel AZ

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    IDK, im a bit skeptical. Are two quarter inch spacers really going to lead to this type of damage off road? Maybe at very high speeds, but even yes, i still doubt it.

    But hey.. im wrong a lot, so if i am , let me know ;)
     
  22. Aug 2, 2018 at 10:09 AM
    #22
    equin

    equin Texarican Tundra

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    Thanks for sharing that video. One thing I noticed with the Superbumps is how much they compressed. In a few instances, it almost appeared as if they flattened out. I can see how that may soften the ride a bit by preventing a hard jarring when smacking into stock bumpstops with a presumably harder compound. But I’m wondering if they may compress too much to the point where they may not prevent the shock bottoming out? I remember reading old posts from several years ago on an FJ forum that surmised how the softer bumpstops flattened out so much they failed to prevent damage resulting from bottoming out. I haven’t found anything else on that, though, much less concerning Tundras, so maybe it’s not a concern.

    The Bilstein 6112s I got came with some wide washers, which I assume are intended to be added to the stock bumpstops. The original post is an excellent reminder to be sure I don’t forget to install them when I get around to bolt on the 6112s.
     
  23. Aug 2, 2018 at 10:28 AM
    #23
    JoshuaA

    JoshuaA Canuck Member

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    I’m thinking the same, it be a dampening effect if any. I think the moral is risk of shock breakage if using a top-plate spacer off-roading. Definite street improvement using those, I totally recommend Superbumps like a RSB.
     
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  24. Aug 2, 2018 at 10:34 AM
    #24
    equin

    equin Texarican Tundra

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    Sorry for the dumb question, but what is “RSB?”
     
  25. Aug 2, 2018 at 10:36 AM
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    Silv333

    Silv333 Patriot

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    I hate reading
     
  26. Aug 2, 2018 at 11:09 AM
    #26
    JoshuaA

    JoshuaA Canuck Member

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    No worries, rear sway bar.

    Articulators will take those off but easily the biggest noticeable improvement in street handling.
     
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  27. Aug 2, 2018 at 11:16 AM
    #27
    Warreng

    Warreng New Member

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    Elka is some quality stuff. Although it is Canadian so you should probably avoid buying it, got to keep America great and all.
     
  28. Aug 2, 2018 at 12:08 PM
    #28
    mtntop

    mtntop New Member

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    Thanks for the insight re coilovers, knowledge is always good when it is accurate. My last set of warranty replacement Bilstein 5100's came with new bump stops which I installed. However, it seems like I have to warranty these shocks every 1-2 years due to seal leakage. I have it set on the 2nd notch from the bottom so it is not like I am over extending them and I wonder if Bilstein sent me the bumpstops because of the frequent warranty replacements? :) 1.5 years now and no leakage and I use my truck off road regularly, maybe the bumpstops fixed it???
     
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  29. Aug 2, 2018 at 12:46 PM
    #29
    JoshuaA

    JoshuaA Canuck Member

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    The spacers are better than no spacers, if your shocks bottom out before hitting the stock bumpstops.

    DB3FDBEF-2594-47DE-9BC4-7E4FCE426F82.jpg
     
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  30. Aug 2, 2018 at 1:05 PM
    #30
    JoshuaA

    JoshuaA Canuck Member

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    Hey now! I bought Superbumps and was charged an atrocious shipping fee, which I was assured in writing it covered customs only to be charged another $43 at the border. I basically paid more than double to support a US company. And you still see me promoting them.

    :canada:
     
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